services/device/device/impl_test.go - release.go.x.ref - Git at Google

 // Copyright 2015 The Vanadium Authors. All rights reserved.
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

 package main_test

 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

 	"v.io/v23"
 	"v.io/v23/naming"
 	"v.io/v23/services/application"
 	"v.io/v23/services/device"
 	"v.io/v23/verror"
 	"v.io/x/ref/lib/security"
 	cmd_device "v.io/x/ref/services/device/device"
 )

 //go:generate v23 test generate

 func TestListCommand(t *testing.T) {
 	shutdown := initTest()
 	defer shutdown()

 	tapes := newTapeMap()
 	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	defer stopServer(t, server)

 	// Setup the command-line.
 	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
 	deviceName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")

 	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
 	// Test the 'list' command.
 	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{ListAssociationResponse{
 		na: []device.Association{
 			{
 				"root/self",
 				"alice_self_account",
 			},
 			{
 				"root/other",
 				"alice_other_account",
 			},
 		},
 		err: nil,
 	}})

 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"associate", "list", deviceName}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
 	}
 	if expected, got := "root/self alice_self_account\nroot/other alice_other_account", strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()); got != expected {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from list. Got %q, expected %q", got, expected)
 	}
 	if got, expected := rootTape.Play(), []interface{}{"ListAssociations"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
 		t.Errorf("invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
 	}
 	rootTape.Rewind()
 	stdout.Reset()

 	// Test list with bad parameters.
 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"associate", "list", deviceName, "hello"}); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.")
 	}
 	if got, expected := len(rootTape.Play()), 0; got != expected {
 		t.Errorf("invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
 	}
 }

 func TestAddCommand(t *testing.T) {
 	shutdown := initTest()
 	defer shutdown()

 	tapes := newTapeMap()
 	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	defer stopServer(t, server)

 	// Setup the command-line.
 	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
 	deviceName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")

 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"add", "one"}); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.")
 	}
 	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
 	if got, expected := len(rootTape.Play()), 0; got != expected {
 		t.Errorf("invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
 	}
 	rootTape.Rewind()
 	stdout.Reset()

 	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{nil})
 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"associate", "add", deviceName, "alice", "root/self"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
 	}
 	expected := []interface{}{
 		AddAssociationStimulus{"AssociateAccount", []string{"root/self"}, "alice"},
 	}
 	if got := rootTape.Play(); !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected result. Got %v want %v", got, expected)
 	}
 	rootTape.Rewind()
 	stdout.Reset()

 	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{nil})
 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"associate", "add", deviceName, "alice", "root/other", "root/self"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
 	}
 	expected = []interface{}{
 		AddAssociationStimulus{"AssociateAccount", []string{"root/other", "root/self"}, "alice"},
 	}
 	if got := rootTape.Play(); !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected result. Got %v want %v", got, expected)
 	}
 }

 func TestRemoveCommand(t *testing.T) {
 	shutdown := initTest()
 	defer shutdown()

 	tapes := newTapeMap()
 	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	defer stopServer(t, server)

 	// Setup the command-line.
 	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
 	deviceName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")

 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"remove", "one"}); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.")
 	}
 	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
 	if got, expected := len(rootTape.Play()), 0; got != expected {
 		t.Errorf("invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
 	}
 	rootTape.Rewind()
 	stdout.Reset()

 	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{nil})
 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"associate", "remove", deviceName, "root/self"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
 	}
 	expected := []interface{}{
 		AddAssociationStimulus{"AssociateAccount", []string{"root/self"}, ""},
 	}
 	if got := rootTape.Play(); !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected result. Got %v want %v", got, expected)
 	}
 }

 func TestInstallCommand(t *testing.T) {
 	shutdown := initTest()
 	defer shutdown()

 	tapes := newTapeMap()
 	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	defer stopServer(t, server)

 	// Setup the command-line.
 	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
 	deviceName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")
 	appId := "myBestAppID"
 	cfg := device.Config{"someflag": "somevalue"}
 	pkg := application.Packages{"pkg": application.SignedFile{File: "somename"}}
 	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
 	for i, c := range []struct {
 		args         []string
 		config       device.Config
 		packages     application.Packages
 		shouldErr    bool
 		tapeResponse interface{}
 		expectedTape interface{}
 	}{
 		{
 			[]string{"blech"},
 			nil,
 			nil,
 			true,
 			nil,
 			nil,
 		},
 		{
 			[]string{"blech1", "blech2", "blech3", "blech4"},
 			nil,
 			nil,
 			true,
 			nil,
 			nil,
 		},
 		{
 			[]string{deviceName, appNameNoFetch, "not-valid-json"},
 			nil,
 			nil,
 			true,
 			nil,
 			nil,
 		},
 		{
 			[]string{deviceName, appNameNoFetch},
 			nil,
 			nil,
 			false,
 			InstallResponse{appId, nil},
 			InstallStimulus{"Install", appNameNoFetch, nil, nil, application.Envelope{}, nil},
 		},
 		{
 			[]string{deviceName, appNameNoFetch},
 			cfg,
 			pkg,
 			false,
 			InstallResponse{appId, nil},
 			InstallStimulus{"Install", appNameNoFetch, cfg, pkg, application.Envelope{}, nil},
 		},
 	} {
 		rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{c.tapeResponse})
 		if c.config != nil {
 			jsonConfig, err := json.Marshal(c.config)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("test case %d: Marshal(%v) failed: %v", i, c.config, err)
 			}
 			c.args = append([]string{fmt.Sprintf("--config=%s", string(jsonConfig))}, c.args...)
 		}
 		if c.packages != nil {
 			jsonPackages, err := json.Marshal(c.packages)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("test case %d: Marshal(%v) failed: %v", i, c.packages, err)
 			}
 			c.args = append([]string{fmt.Sprintf("--packages=%s", string(jsonPackages))}, c.args...)
 		}
 		c.args = append([]string{"install"}, c.args...)
 		err := cmd.Execute(c.args)
 		if c.shouldErr {
 			if err == nil {
 				t.Fatalf("test case %d: wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.", i)
 			}
 			if got, expected := len(rootTape.Play()), 0; got != expected {
 				t.Errorf("test case %d: invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
 			}
 		} else {
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("test case %d: %v", i, err)
 			}
 			if expected, got := naming.Join(deviceName, appId), strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()); got != expected {
 				t.Fatalf("test case %d: Unexpected output from Install. Got %q, expected %q", i, got, expected)
 			}
 			if got, expected := rootTape.Play(), []interface{}{c.expectedTape}; !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
 				t.Errorf("test case %d: invalid call sequence. Got %#v, want %#v", i, got, expected)
 			}
 		}
 		rootTape.Rewind()
 		stdout.Reset()
 	}
 }

 func TestClaimCommand(t *testing.T) {
 	shutdown := initTest()
 	defer shutdown()

 	tapes := newTapeMap()
 	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	defer stopServer(t, server)

 	// Setup the command-line.
 	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
 	deviceName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")
 	deviceKey, err := v23.GetPrincipal(gctx).PublicKey().MarshalBinary()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to marshal principal public key: %v", err)
 	}

 	// Confirm that we correctly enforce the number of arguments.
 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"claim", "nope"}); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.")
 	}
 	if expected, got := "ERROR: claim: incorrect number of arguments, expected atleast 2 (max: 4), got 1", strings.TrimSpace(stderr.String()); !strings.HasPrefix(got, expected) {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from claim. Got %q, expected prefix %q", got, expected)
 	}
 	stdout.Reset()
 	stderr.Reset()
 	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
 	rootTape.Rewind()

 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"claim", "nope", "nope", "nope", "nope", "nope"}); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.")
 	}
 	if expected, got := "ERROR: claim: incorrect number of arguments, expected atleast 2 (max: 4), got 5", strings.TrimSpace(stderr.String()); !strings.HasPrefix(got, expected) {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from claim. Got %q, expected prefix %q", got, expected)
 	}
 	stdout.Reset()
 	stderr.Reset()
 	rootTape.Rewind()

 	// Incorrect operation
 	var pairingToken string
 	var deviceKeyWrong []byte
 	if publicKey, _, err := security.NewPrincipalKey(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("NewPrincipalKey failed: %v", err)
 	} else {
 		if deviceKeyWrong, err = publicKey.MarshalBinary(); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Failed to marshal principal public key: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"claim", deviceName, "grant", pairingToken, base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(deviceKeyWrong)}); verror.ErrorID(err) != verror.ErrNotTrusted.ID {
 		t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive correct error on claim with incorrect device key:%v id:%v", err, verror.ErrorID(err))
 	}
 	stdout.Reset()
 	stderr.Reset()
 	rootTape.Rewind()

 	// Correct operation.
 	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{
 		nil,
 	})
 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"claim", deviceName, "grant", pairingToken, base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(deviceKey)}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Claim(%s, %s, %s) failed: %v", deviceName, "grant", pairingToken, err)
 	}
 	if got, expected := len(rootTape.Play()), 1; got != expected {
 		t.Errorf("invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
 	}
 	if expected, got := "Successfully claimed.", strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()); !strings.HasPrefix(got, expected) {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from claim. Got %q, expected prefix %q", got, expected)
 	}
 	expected := []interface{}{
 		"Claim",
 	}
 	if got := rootTape.Play(); !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected result. Got %v want %v", got, expected)
 	}
 	rootTape.Rewind()
 	stdout.Reset()
 	stderr.Reset()

 	// Error operation.
 	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{
 		verror.New(errOops, nil),
 	})
 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"claim", deviceName, "grant", pairingToken}); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("claim() failed to detect error", err)
 	}
 	expected = []interface{}{
 		"Claim",
 	}
 	if got := rootTape.Play(); !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected result. Got %v want %v", got, expected)
 	}
 }

 func TestInstantiateCommand(t *testing.T) {
 	shutdown := initTest()
 	defer shutdown()

 	tapes := newTapeMap()
 	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	defer stopServer(t, server)

 	// Setup the command-line.
 	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
 	appName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")

 	// Confirm that we correctly enforce the number of arguments.
 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"instantiate", "nope"}); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.")
 	}
 	if expected, got := "ERROR: instantiate: incorrect number of arguments, expected 2, got 1", strings.TrimSpace(stderr.String()); !strings.HasPrefix(got, expected) {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from instantiate. Got %q, expected prefix %q", got, expected)
 	}
 	stdout.Reset()
 	stderr.Reset()
 	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
 	rootTape.Rewind()

 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"instantiate", "nope", "nope", "nope"}); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.")
 	}
 	if expected, got := "ERROR: instantiate: incorrect number of arguments, expected 2, got 3", strings.TrimSpace(stderr.String()); !strings.HasPrefix(got, expected) {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from instantiate. Got %q, expected prefix %q", got, expected)
 	}
 	stdout.Reset()
 	stderr.Reset()
 	rootTape.Rewind()

 	// Correct operation.
 	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{InstantiateResponse{
 		err:        nil,
 		instanceID: "app1",
 	},
 	})
 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"instantiate", appName, "grant"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("instantiate %s %s failed: %v", appName, "grant", err)
 	}

 	b := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	fmt.Fprintf(b, "%s", appName+"/app1")
 	if expected, got := b.String(), strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()); !strings.HasPrefix(got, expected) {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from instantiate. Got %q, expected prefix %q", got, expected)
 	}
 	expected := []interface{}{
 		"Instantiate",
 	}
 	if got := rootTape.Play(); !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected result. Got %v want %v", got, expected)
 	}
 	rootTape.Rewind()
 	stdout.Reset()
 	stderr.Reset()

 	// Error operation.
 	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{InstantiateResponse{
 		verror.New(errOops, nil),
 		"",
 	},
 	})
 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"instantiate", appName, "grant"}); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("instantiate failed to detect error")
 	}
 	expected = []interface{}{
 		"Instantiate",
 	}
 	if got := rootTape.Play(); !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected result. Got %v want %v", got, expected)
 	}
 }

 func TestDebugCommand(t *testing.T) {
 	shutdown := initTest()
 	defer shutdown()
 	tapes := newTapeMap()
 	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	defer stopServer(t, server)
 	// Setup the command-line.
 	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
 	appName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")

 	debugMessage := "the secrets of the universe, revealed"
 	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
 	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{debugMessage})
 	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"debug", appName}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
 	}
 	if expected, got := debugMessage, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()); got != expected {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from debug. Got %q, expected %q", got, expected)
 	}
 	if got, expected := rootTape.Play(), []interface{}{"Debug"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
 		t.Errorf("invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
 	}
 }

 func TestStatusCommand(t *testing.T) {
 	shutdown := initTest()
 	defer shutdown()
 	tapes := newTapeMap()
 	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 	defer stopServer(t, server)
 	// Setup the command-line.
 	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
 	appName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")

 	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
 	for _, c := range []struct {
 		tapeResponse interface{}
 		expected     string
 	}{
 		{
 			device.StatusInstallation{device.InstallationStatus{
 				State:   device.InstallationStateUninstalled,
 				Version: "director's cut",
 			}},
 			"Installation [State:Uninstalled,Version:director's cut]",
 		},
 		{
 			device.StatusInstance{device.InstanceStatus{
 				State:   device.InstanceStateUpdating,
 				Version: "theatrical version",
 			}},
 			"Instance [State:Updating,Version:theatrical version]",
 		},
 	} {
 		rootTape.Rewind()
 		stdout.Reset()
 		rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{c.tapeResponse})
 		if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"status", appName}); err != nil {
 			t.Errorf("%v", err)
 		}
 		if expected, got := c.expected, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()); got != expected {
 			t.Errorf("Unexpected output from status. Got %q, expected %q", got, expected)
 		}
 		if got, expected := rootTape.Play(), []interface{}{"Status"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
 			t.Errorf("invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
 		}
 	}
 }
	// Copyright 2015 The Vanadium Authors. All rights reserved.
	// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
	// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

	package main_test

	import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/base64"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"strings"
	"testing"

	"v.io/v23"
	"v.io/v23/naming"
	"v.io/v23/services/application"
	"v.io/v23/services/device"
	"v.io/v23/verror"
	"v.io/x/ref/lib/security"
	cmd_device "v.io/x/ref/services/device/device"
	)

	//go:generate v23 test generate

	func TestListCommand(t *testing.T) {
	shutdown := initTest()
	defer shutdown()

	tapes := newTapeMap()
	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
	if err != nil {
	return
	}
	defer stopServer(t, server)

	// Setup the command-line.
	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
	deviceName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")

	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
	// Test the 'list' command.
	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{ListAssociationResponse{
	na: []device.Association{
	{
	"root/self",
	"alice_self_account",
	},
	{
	"root/other",
	"alice_other_account",
	},
	},
	err: nil,
	}})

	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"associate", "list", deviceName}); err != nil {
	t.Fatalf("%v", err)
	}
	if expected, got := "root/self alice_self_account\nroot/other alice_other_account", strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()); got != expected {
	t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from list. Got %q, expected %q", got, expected)
	}
	if got, expected := rootTape.Play(), []interface{}{"ListAssociations"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
	t.Errorf("invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
	}
	rootTape.Rewind()
	stdout.Reset()

	// Test list with bad parameters.
	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"associate", "list", deviceName, "hello"}); err == nil {
	t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.")
	}
	if got, expected := len(rootTape.Play()), 0; got != expected {
	t.Errorf("invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
	}
	}

	func TestAddCommand(t *testing.T) {
	shutdown := initTest()
	defer shutdown()

	tapes := newTapeMap()
	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
	if err != nil {
	return
	}
	defer stopServer(t, server)

	// Setup the command-line.
	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
	deviceName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")

	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"add", "one"}); err == nil {
	t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.")
	}
	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
	if got, expected := len(rootTape.Play()), 0; got != expected {
	t.Errorf("invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
	}
	rootTape.Rewind()
	stdout.Reset()

	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{nil})
	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"associate", "add", deviceName, "alice", "root/self"}); err != nil {
	t.Fatalf("%v", err)
	}
	expected := []interface{}{
	AddAssociationStimulus{"AssociateAccount", []string{"root/self"}, "alice"},
	}
	if got := rootTape.Play(); !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
	t.Errorf("unexpected result. Got %v want %v", got, expected)
	}
	rootTape.Rewind()
	stdout.Reset()

	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{nil})
	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"associate", "add", deviceName, "alice", "root/other", "root/self"}); err != nil {
	t.Fatalf("%v", err)
	}
	expected = []interface{}{
	AddAssociationStimulus{"AssociateAccount", []string{"root/other", "root/self"}, "alice"},
	}
	if got := rootTape.Play(); !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
	t.Errorf("unexpected result. Got %v want %v", got, expected)
	}
	}

	func TestRemoveCommand(t *testing.T) {
	shutdown := initTest()
	defer shutdown()

	tapes := newTapeMap()
	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
	if err != nil {
	return
	}
	defer stopServer(t, server)

	// Setup the command-line.
	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
	deviceName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")

	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"remove", "one"}); err == nil {
	t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.")
	}
	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
	if got, expected := len(rootTape.Play()), 0; got != expected {
	t.Errorf("invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
	}
	rootTape.Rewind()
	stdout.Reset()

	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{nil})
	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"associate", "remove", deviceName, "root/self"}); err != nil {
	t.Fatalf("%v", err)
	}
	expected := []interface{}{
	AddAssociationStimulus{"AssociateAccount", []string{"root/self"}, ""},
	}
	if got := rootTape.Play(); !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
	t.Errorf("unexpected result. Got %v want %v", got, expected)
	}
	}

	func TestInstallCommand(t *testing.T) {
	shutdown := initTest()
	defer shutdown()

	tapes := newTapeMap()
	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
	if err != nil {
	return
	}
	defer stopServer(t, server)

	// Setup the command-line.
	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
	deviceName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")
	appId := "myBestAppID"
	cfg := device.Config{"someflag": "somevalue"}
	pkg := application.Packages{"pkg": application.SignedFile{File: "somename"}}
	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
	for i, c := range []struct {
	args []string
	config device.Config
	packages application.Packages
	shouldErr bool
	tapeResponse interface{}
	expectedTape interface{}
	}{
	{
	[]string{"blech"},
	nil,
	nil,
	true,
	nil,
	nil,
	},
	{
	[]string{"blech1", "blech2", "blech3", "blech4"},
	nil,
	nil,
	true,
	nil,
	nil,
	},
	{
	[]string{deviceName, appNameNoFetch, "not-valid-json"},
	nil,
	nil,
	true,
	nil,
	nil,
	},
	{
	[]string{deviceName, appNameNoFetch},
	nil,
	nil,
	false,
	InstallResponse{appId, nil},
	InstallStimulus{"Install", appNameNoFetch, nil, nil, application.Envelope{}, nil},
	},
	{
	[]string{deviceName, appNameNoFetch},
	cfg,
	pkg,
	false,
	InstallResponse{appId, nil},
	InstallStimulus{"Install", appNameNoFetch, cfg, pkg, application.Envelope{}, nil},
	},
	} {
	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{c.tapeResponse})
	if c.config != nil {
	jsonConfig, err := json.Marshal(c.config)
	if err != nil {
	t.Fatalf("test case %d: Marshal(%v) failed: %v", i, c.config, err)
	}
	c.args = append([]string{fmt.Sprintf("--config=%s", string(jsonConfig))}, c.args...)
	}
	if c.packages != nil {
	jsonPackages, err := json.Marshal(c.packages)
	if err != nil {
	t.Fatalf("test case %d: Marshal(%v) failed: %v", i, c.packages, err)
	}
	c.args = append([]string{fmt.Sprintf("--packages=%s", string(jsonPackages))}, c.args...)
	}
	c.args = append([]string{"install"}, c.args...)
	err := cmd.Execute(c.args)
	if c.shouldErr {
	if err == nil {
	t.Fatalf("test case %d: wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.", i)
	}
	if got, expected := len(rootTape.Play()), 0; got != expected {
	t.Errorf("test case %d: invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
	}
	} else {
	if err != nil {
	t.Fatalf("test case %d: %v", i, err)
	}
	if expected, got := naming.Join(deviceName, appId), strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()); got != expected {
	t.Fatalf("test case %d: Unexpected output from Install. Got %q, expected %q", i, got, expected)
	}
	if got, expected := rootTape.Play(), []interface{}{c.expectedTape}; !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
	t.Errorf("test case %d: invalid call sequence. Got %#v, want %#v", i, got, expected)
	}
	}
	rootTape.Rewind()
	stdout.Reset()
	}
	}

	func TestClaimCommand(t *testing.T) {
	shutdown := initTest()
	defer shutdown()

	tapes := newTapeMap()
	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
	if err != nil {
	return
	}
	defer stopServer(t, server)

	// Setup the command-line.
	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
	deviceName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")
	deviceKey, err := v23.GetPrincipal(gctx).PublicKey().MarshalBinary()
	if err != nil {
	t.Fatalf("Failed to marshal principal public key: %v", err)
	}

	// Confirm that we correctly enforce the number of arguments.
	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"claim", "nope"}); err == nil {
	t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.")
	}
	if expected, got := "ERROR: claim: incorrect number of arguments, expected atleast 2 (max: 4), got 1", strings.TrimSpace(stderr.String()); !strings.HasPrefix(got, expected) {
	t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from claim. Got %q, expected prefix %q", got, expected)
	}
	stdout.Reset()
	stderr.Reset()
	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
	rootTape.Rewind()

	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"claim", "nope", "nope", "nope", "nope", "nope"}); err == nil {
	t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.")
	}
	if expected, got := "ERROR: claim: incorrect number of arguments, expected atleast 2 (max: 4), got 5", strings.TrimSpace(stderr.String()); !strings.HasPrefix(got, expected) {
	t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from claim. Got %q, expected prefix %q", got, expected)
	}
	stdout.Reset()
	stderr.Reset()
	rootTape.Rewind()

	// Incorrect operation
	var pairingToken string
	var deviceKeyWrong []byte
	if publicKey, _, err := security.NewPrincipalKey(); err != nil {
	t.Fatalf("NewPrincipalKey failed: %v", err)
	} else {
	if deviceKeyWrong, err = publicKey.MarshalBinary(); err != nil {
	t.Fatalf("Failed to marshal principal public key: %v", err)
	}
	}
	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"claim", deviceName, "grant", pairingToken, base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(deviceKeyWrong)}); verror.ErrorID(err) != verror.ErrNotTrusted.ID {
	t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive correct error on claim with incorrect device key:%v id:%v", err, verror.ErrorID(err))
	}
	stdout.Reset()
	stderr.Reset()
	rootTape.Rewind()

	// Correct operation.
	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{
	nil,
	})
	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"claim", deviceName, "grant", pairingToken, base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(deviceKey)}); err != nil {
	t.Fatalf("Claim(%s, %s, %s) failed: %v", deviceName, "grant", pairingToken, err)
	}
	if got, expected := len(rootTape.Play()), 1; got != expected {
	t.Errorf("invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
	}
	if expected, got := "Successfully claimed.", strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()); !strings.HasPrefix(got, expected) {
	t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from claim. Got %q, expected prefix %q", got, expected)
	}
	expected := []interface{}{
	"Claim",
	}
	if got := rootTape.Play(); !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
	t.Errorf("unexpected result. Got %v want %v", got, expected)
	}
	rootTape.Rewind()
	stdout.Reset()
	stderr.Reset()

	// Error operation.
	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{
	verror.New(errOops, nil),
	})
	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"claim", deviceName, "grant", pairingToken}); err == nil {
	t.Fatalf("claim() failed to detect error", err)
	}
	expected = []interface{}{
	"Claim",
	}
	if got := rootTape.Play(); !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
	t.Errorf("unexpected result. Got %v want %v", got, expected)
	}
	}

	func TestInstantiateCommand(t *testing.T) {
	shutdown := initTest()
	defer shutdown()

	tapes := newTapeMap()
	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
	if err != nil {
	return
	}
	defer stopServer(t, server)

	// Setup the command-line.
	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
	appName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")

	// Confirm that we correctly enforce the number of arguments.
	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"instantiate", "nope"}); err == nil {
	t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.")
	}
	if expected, got := "ERROR: instantiate: incorrect number of arguments, expected 2, got 1", strings.TrimSpace(stderr.String()); !strings.HasPrefix(got, expected) {
	t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from instantiate. Got %q, expected prefix %q", got, expected)
	}
	stdout.Reset()
	stderr.Reset()
	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
	rootTape.Rewind()

	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"instantiate", "nope", "nope", "nope"}); err == nil {
	t.Fatalf("wrongly failed to receive a non-nil error.")
	}
	if expected, got := "ERROR: instantiate: incorrect number of arguments, expected 2, got 3", strings.TrimSpace(stderr.String()); !strings.HasPrefix(got, expected) {
	t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from instantiate. Got %q, expected prefix %q", got, expected)
	}
	stdout.Reset()
	stderr.Reset()
	rootTape.Rewind()

	// Correct operation.
	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{InstantiateResponse{
	err: nil,
	instanceID: "app1",
	},
	})
	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"instantiate", appName, "grant"}); err != nil {
	t.Fatalf("instantiate %s %s failed: %v", appName, "grant", err)
	}

	b := new(bytes.Buffer)
	fmt.Fprintf(b, "%s", appName+"/app1")
	if expected, got := b.String(), strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()); !strings.HasPrefix(got, expected) {
	t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from instantiate. Got %q, expected prefix %q", got, expected)
	}
	expected := []interface{}{
	"Instantiate",
	}
	if got := rootTape.Play(); !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
	t.Errorf("unexpected result. Got %v want %v", got, expected)
	}
	rootTape.Rewind()
	stdout.Reset()
	stderr.Reset()

	// Error operation.
	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{InstantiateResponse{
	verror.New(errOops, nil),
	"",
	},
	})
	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"instantiate", appName, "grant"}); err == nil {
	t.Fatalf("instantiate failed to detect error")
	}
	expected = []interface{}{
	"Instantiate",
	}
	if got := rootTape.Play(); !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
	t.Errorf("unexpected result. Got %v want %v", got, expected)
	}
	}

	func TestDebugCommand(t *testing.T) {
	shutdown := initTest()
	defer shutdown()
	tapes := newTapeMap()
	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
	if err != nil {
	return
	}
	defer stopServer(t, server)
	// Setup the command-line.
	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
	appName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")

	debugMessage := "the secrets of the universe, revealed"
	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{debugMessage})
	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"debug", appName}); err != nil {
	t.Fatalf("%v", err)
	}
	if expected, got := debugMessage, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()); got != expected {
	t.Fatalf("Unexpected output from debug. Got %q, expected %q", got, expected)
	}
	if got, expected := rootTape.Play(), []interface{}{"Debug"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
	t.Errorf("invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
	}
	}

	func TestStatusCommand(t *testing.T) {
	shutdown := initTest()
	defer shutdown()
	tapes := newTapeMap()
	server, endpoint, err := startServer(t, gctx, tapes)
	if err != nil {
	return
	}
	defer stopServer(t, server)
	// Setup the command-line.
	cmd := cmd_device.Root()
	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
	cmd.Init(nil, &stdout, &stderr)
	appName := naming.JoinAddressName(endpoint.String(), "")

	rootTape := tapes.forSuffix("")
	for _, c := range []struct {
	tapeResponse interface{}
	expected string
	}{
	{
	device.StatusInstallation{device.InstallationStatus{
	State: device.InstallationStateUninstalled,
	Version: "director's cut",
	}},
	"Installation [State:Uninstalled,Version:director's cut]",
	},
	{
	device.StatusInstance{device.InstanceStatus{
	State: device.InstanceStateUpdating,
	Version: "theatrical version",
	}},
	"Instance [State:Updating,Version:theatrical version]",
	},
	} {
	rootTape.Rewind()
	stdout.Reset()
	rootTape.SetResponses([]interface{}{c.tapeResponse})
	if err := cmd.Execute([]string{"status", appName}); err != nil {
	t.Errorf("%v", err)
	}
	if expected, got := c.expected, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()); got != expected {
	t.Errorf("Unexpected output from status. Got %q, expected %q", got, expected)
	}
	if got, expected := rootTape.Play(), []interface{}{"Status"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
	t.Errorf("invalid call sequence. Got %v, want %v", got, expected)
	}
	}
	}