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| <div class="subTitle">org.apache.commons.math3.ode.nonstiff</div> |
| <h2 title="Class AdamsNordsieckTransformer" class="title">Class AdamsNordsieckTransformer</h2> |
| </div> |
| <div class="contentContainer"> |
| <ul class="inheritance"> |
| <li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">java.lang.Object</a></li> |
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| <ul class="inheritance"> |
| <li>org.apache.commons.math3.ode.nonstiff.AdamsNordsieckTransformer</li> |
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| <pre>public class <span class="strong">AdamsNordsieckTransformer</span> |
| extends <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">Object</a></pre> |
| <div class="block">Transformer to Nordsieck vectors for Adams integrators. |
| <p>This class is used by <a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/ode/nonstiff/AdamsBashforthIntegrator.html" title="class in org.apache.commons.math3.ode.nonstiff"><code>Adams-Bashforth</code></a> and |
| <a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/ode/nonstiff/AdamsMoultonIntegrator.html" title="class in org.apache.commons.math3.ode.nonstiff"><code>Adams-Moulton</code></a> integrators to convert between |
| classical representation with several previous first derivatives and Nordsieck |
| representation with higher order scaled derivatives.</p> |
| |
| <p>We define scaled derivatives s<sub>i</sub>(n) at step n as: |
| <pre> |
| s<sub>1</sub>(n) = h y'<sub>n</sub> for first derivative |
| s<sub>2</sub>(n) = h<sup>2</sup>/2 y''<sub>n</sub> for second derivative |
| s<sub>3</sub>(n) = h<sup>3</sup>/6 y'''<sub>n</sub> for third derivative |
| ... |
| s<sub>k</sub>(n) = h<sup>k</sup>/k! y<sup>(k)</sup><sub>n</sub> for k<sup>th</sup> derivative |
| </pre></p> |
| |
| <p>With the previous definition, the classical representation of multistep methods |
| uses first derivatives only, i.e. it handles y<sub>n</sub>, s<sub>1</sub>(n) and |
| q<sub>n</sub> where q<sub>n</sub> is defined as: |
| <pre> |
| q<sub>n</sub> = [ s<sub>1</sub>(n-1) s<sub>1</sub>(n-2) ... s<sub>1</sub>(n-(k-1)) ]<sup>T</sup> |
| </pre> |
| (we omit the k index in the notation for clarity).</p> |
| |
| <p>Another possible representation uses the Nordsieck vector with |
| higher degrees scaled derivatives all taken at the same step, i.e it handles y<sub>n</sub>, |
| s<sub>1</sub>(n) and r<sub>n</sub>) where r<sub>n</sub> is defined as: |
| <pre> |
| r<sub>n</sub> = [ s<sub>2</sub>(n), s<sub>3</sub>(n) ... s<sub>k</sub>(n) ]<sup>T</sup> |
| </pre> |
| (here again we omit the k index in the notation for clarity) |
| </p> |
| |
| <p>Taylor series formulas show that for any index offset i, s<sub>1</sub>(n-i) can be |
| computed from s<sub>1</sub>(n), s<sub>2</sub>(n) ... s<sub>k</sub>(n), the formula being exact |
| for degree k polynomials. |
| <pre> |
| s<sub>1</sub>(n-i) = s<sub>1</sub>(n) + ∑<sub>j>1</sub> j (-i)<sup>j-1</sup> s<sub>j</sub>(n) |
| </pre> |
| The previous formula can be used with several values for i to compute the transform between |
| classical representation and Nordsieck vector at step end. The transform between r<sub>n</sub> |
| and q<sub>n</sub> resulting from the Taylor series formulas above is: |
| <pre> |
| q<sub>n</sub> = s<sub>1</sub>(n) u + P r<sub>n</sub> |
| </pre> |
| where u is the [ 1 1 ... 1 ]<sup>T</sup> vector and P is the (k-1)×(k-1) matrix built |
| with the j (-i)<sup>j-1</sup> terms: |
| <pre> |
| [ -2 3 -4 5 ... ] |
| [ -4 12 -32 80 ... ] |
| P = [ -6 27 -108 405 ... ] |
| [ -8 48 -256 1280 ... ] |
| [ ... ] |
| </pre></p> |
| |
| <p>Changing -i into +i in the formula above can be used to compute a similar transform between |
| classical representation and Nordsieck vector at step start. The resulting matrix is simply |
| the absolute value of matrix P.</p> |
| |
| <p>For <a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/ode/nonstiff/AdamsBashforthIntegrator.html" title="class in org.apache.commons.math3.ode.nonstiff"><code>Adams-Bashforth</code></a> method, the Nordsieck vector |
| at step n+1 is computed from the Nordsieck vector at step n as follows: |
| <ul> |
| <li>y<sub>n+1</sub> = y<sub>n</sub> + s<sub>1</sub>(n) + u<sup>T</sup> r<sub>n</sub></li> |
| <li>s<sub>1</sub>(n+1) = h f(t<sub>n+1</sub>, y<sub>n+1</sub>)</li> |
| <li>r<sub>n+1</sub> = (s<sub>1</sub>(n) - s<sub>1</sub>(n+1)) P<sup>-1</sup> u + P<sup>-1</sup> A P r<sub>n</sub></li> |
| </ul> |
| where A is a rows shifting matrix (the lower left part is an identity matrix): |
| <pre> |
| [ 0 0 ... 0 0 | 0 ] |
| [ ---------------+---] |
| [ 1 0 ... 0 0 | 0 ] |
| A = [ 0 1 ... 0 0 | 0 ] |
| [ ... | 0 ] |
| [ 0 0 ... 1 0 | 0 ] |
| [ 0 0 ... 0 1 | 0 ] |
| </pre></p> |
| |
| <p>For <a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/ode/nonstiff/AdamsMoultonIntegrator.html" title="class in org.apache.commons.math3.ode.nonstiff"><code>Adams-Moulton</code></a> method, the predicted Nordsieck vector |
| at step n+1 is computed from the Nordsieck vector at step n as follows: |
| <ul> |
| <li>Y<sub>n+1</sub> = y<sub>n</sub> + s<sub>1</sub>(n) + u<sup>T</sup> r<sub>n</sub></li> |
| <li>S<sub>1</sub>(n+1) = h f(t<sub>n+1</sub>, Y<sub>n+1</sub>)</li> |
| <li>R<sub>n+1</sub> = (s<sub>1</sub>(n) - s<sub>1</sub>(n+1)) P<sup>-1</sup> u + P<sup>-1</sup> A P r<sub>n</sub></li> |
| </ul> |
| From this predicted vector, the corrected vector is computed as follows: |
| <ul> |
| <li>y<sub>n+1</sub> = y<sub>n</sub> + S<sub>1</sub>(n+1) + [ -1 +1 -1 +1 ... ±1 ] r<sub>n+1</sub></li> |
| <li>s<sub>1</sub>(n+1) = h f(t<sub>n+1</sub>, y<sub>n+1</sub>)</li> |
| <li>r<sub>n+1</sub> = R<sub>n+1</sub> + (s<sub>1</sub>(n+1) - S<sub>1</sub>(n+1)) P<sup>-1</sup> u</li> |
| </ul> |
| where the upper case Y<sub>n+1</sub>, S<sub>1</sub>(n+1) and R<sub>n+1</sub> represent the |
| predicted states whereas the lower case y<sub>n+1</sub>, s<sub>n+1</sub> and r<sub>n+1</sub> |
| represent the corrected states.</p> |
| |
| <p>We observe that both methods use similar update formulas. In both cases a P<sup>-1</sup>u |
| vector and a P<sup>-1</sup> A P matrix are used that do not depend on the state, |
| they only depend on k. This class handles these transformations.</p></div> |
| <dl><dt><span class="strong">Since:</span></dt> |
| <dd>2.0</dd> |
| <dt><span class="strong">Version:</span></dt> |
| <dd>$Id: AdamsNordsieckTransformer.java 1416643 2012-12-03 19:37:14Z tn $</dd></dl> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
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| <h3>Method Summary</h3> |
| <table class="overviewSummary" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" summary="Method Summary table, listing methods, and an explanation"> |
| <caption><span>Methods</span><span class="tabEnd"> </span></caption> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="colFirst" scope="col">Modifier and Type</th> |
| <th class="colLast" scope="col">Method and Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="altColor"> |
| <td class="colFirst"><code>static <a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/ode/nonstiff/AdamsNordsieckTransformer.html" title="class in org.apache.commons.math3.ode.nonstiff">AdamsNordsieckTransformer</a></code></td> |
| <td class="colLast"><code><strong><a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/ode/nonstiff/AdamsNordsieckTransformer.html#getInstance(int)">getInstance</a></strong>(int nSteps)</code> |
| <div class="block">Get the Nordsieck transformer for a given number of steps.</div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="rowColor"> |
| <td class="colFirst"><code>int</code></td> |
| <td class="colLast"><code><strong><a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/ode/nonstiff/AdamsNordsieckTransformer.html#getNSteps()">getNSteps</a></strong>()</code> |
| <div class="block">Get the number of steps of the method |
| (excluding the one being computed).</div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="altColor"> |
| <td class="colFirst"><code><a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/linear/Array2DRowRealMatrix.html" title="class in org.apache.commons.math3.linear">Array2DRowRealMatrix</a></code></td> |
| <td class="colLast"><code><strong><a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/ode/nonstiff/AdamsNordsieckTransformer.html#initializeHighOrderDerivatives(double, double[], double[][], double[][])">initializeHighOrderDerivatives</a></strong>(double h, |
| double[] t, |
| double[][] y, |
| double[][] yDot)</code> |
| <div class="block">Initialize the high order scaled derivatives at step start.</div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="rowColor"> |
| <td class="colFirst"><code><a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/linear/Array2DRowRealMatrix.html" title="class in org.apache.commons.math3.linear">Array2DRowRealMatrix</a></code></td> |
| <td class="colLast"><code><strong><a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/ode/nonstiff/AdamsNordsieckTransformer.html#updateHighOrderDerivativesPhase1(org.apache.commons.math3.linear.Array2DRowRealMatrix)">updateHighOrderDerivativesPhase1</a></strong>(<a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/linear/Array2DRowRealMatrix.html" title="class in org.apache.commons.math3.linear">Array2DRowRealMatrix</a> highOrder)</code> |
| <div class="block">Update the high order scaled derivatives for Adams integrators (phase 1).</div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="altColor"> |
| <td class="colFirst"><code>void</code></td> |
| <td class="colLast"><code><strong><a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/ode/nonstiff/AdamsNordsieckTransformer.html#updateHighOrderDerivativesPhase2(double[], double[], org.apache.commons.math3.linear.Array2DRowRealMatrix)">updateHighOrderDerivativesPhase2</a></strong>(double[] start, |
| double[] end, |
| <a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/linear/Array2DRowRealMatrix.html" title="class in org.apache.commons.math3.linear">Array2DRowRealMatrix</a> highOrder)</code> |
| <div class="block">Update the high order scaled derivatives Adams integrators (phase 2).</div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| <ul class="blockList"> |
| <li class="blockList"><a name="methods_inherited_from_class_java.lang.Object"> |
| <!-- --> |
| </a> |
| <h3>Methods inherited from class java.lang.<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">Object</a></h3> |
| <code><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#clone()" title="class or interface in java.lang">clone</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#equals(java.lang.Object)" title="class or interface in java.lang">equals</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#finalize()" title="class or interface in java.lang">finalize</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#getClass()" title="class or interface in java.lang">getClass</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#hashCode()" title="class or interface in java.lang">hashCode</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#notify()" title="class or interface in java.lang">notify</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#notifyAll()" title="class or interface in java.lang">notifyAll</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#toString()" title="class or interface in java.lang">toString</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#wait()" title="class or interface in java.lang">wait</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#wait(long)" title="class or interface in java.lang">wait</a>, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#wait(long, int)" title="class or interface in java.lang">wait</a></code></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="details"> |
| <ul class="blockList"> |
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| <!-- ============ METHOD DETAIL ========== --> |
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| <li class="blockList"><a name="method_detail"> |
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| <h3>Method Detail</h3> |
| <a name="getInstance(int)"> |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="blockList"> |
| <h4>getInstance</h4> |
| <pre>public static <a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/ode/nonstiff/AdamsNordsieckTransformer.html" title="class in org.apache.commons.math3.ode.nonstiff">AdamsNordsieckTransformer</a> getInstance(int nSteps)</pre> |
| <div class="block">Get the Nordsieck transformer for a given number of steps.</div> |
| <dl><dt><span class="strong">Parameters:</span></dt><dd><code>nSteps</code> - number of steps of the multistep method |
| (excluding the one being computed)</dd> |
| <dt><span class="strong">Returns:</span></dt><dd>Nordsieck transformer for the specified number of steps</dd></dl> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <a name="getNSteps()"> |
| <!-- --> |
| </a> |
| <ul class="blockList"> |
| <li class="blockList"> |
| <h4>getNSteps</h4> |
| <pre>public int getNSteps()</pre> |
| <div class="block">Get the number of steps of the method |
| (excluding the one being computed).</div> |
| <dl><dt><span class="strong">Returns:</span></dt><dd>number of steps of the method |
| (excluding the one being computed)</dd></dl> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <a name="initializeHighOrderDerivatives(double, double[], double[][], double[][])"> |
| <!-- --> |
| </a> |
| <ul class="blockList"> |
| <li class="blockList"> |
| <h4>initializeHighOrderDerivatives</h4> |
| <pre>public <a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/linear/Array2DRowRealMatrix.html" title="class in org.apache.commons.math3.linear">Array2DRowRealMatrix</a> initializeHighOrderDerivatives(double h, |
| double[] t, |
| double[][] y, |
| double[][] yDot)</pre> |
| <div class="block">Initialize the high order scaled derivatives at step start.</div> |
| <dl><dt><span class="strong">Parameters:</span></dt><dd><code>h</code> - step size to use for scaling</dd><dd><code>t</code> - first steps times</dd><dd><code>y</code> - first steps states</dd><dd><code>yDot</code> - first steps derivatives</dd> |
| <dt><span class="strong">Returns:</span></dt><dd>Nordieck vector at first step (h<sup>2</sup>/2 y''<sub>n</sub>, |
| h<sup>3</sup>/6 y'''<sub>n</sub> ... h<sup>k</sup>/k! y<sup>(k)</sup><sub>n</sub>)</dd></dl> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <a name="updateHighOrderDerivativesPhase1(org.apache.commons.math3.linear.Array2DRowRealMatrix)"> |
| <!-- --> |
| </a> |
| <ul class="blockList"> |
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| <h4>updateHighOrderDerivativesPhase1</h4> |
| <pre>public <a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/linear/Array2DRowRealMatrix.html" title="class in org.apache.commons.math3.linear">Array2DRowRealMatrix</a> updateHighOrderDerivativesPhase1(<a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/linear/Array2DRowRealMatrix.html" title="class in org.apache.commons.math3.linear">Array2DRowRealMatrix</a> highOrder)</pre> |
| <div class="block">Update the high order scaled derivatives for Adams integrators (phase 1). |
| <p>The complete update of high order derivatives has a form similar to: |
| <pre> |
| r<sub>n+1</sub> = (s<sub>1</sub>(n) - s<sub>1</sub>(n+1)) P<sup>-1</sup> u + P<sup>-1</sup> A P r<sub>n</sub> |
| </pre> |
| this method computes the P<sup>-1</sup> A P r<sub>n</sub> part.</p></div> |
| <dl><dt><span class="strong">Parameters:</span></dt><dd><code>highOrder</code> - high order scaled derivatives |
| (h<sup>2</sup>/2 y'', ... h<sup>k</sup>/k! y(k))</dd> |
| <dt><span class="strong">Returns:</span></dt><dd>updated high order derivatives</dd><dt><span class="strong">See Also:</span></dt><dd><a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/ode/nonstiff/AdamsNordsieckTransformer.html#updateHighOrderDerivativesPhase2(double[], double[], org.apache.commons.math3.linear.Array2DRowRealMatrix)"><code>updateHighOrderDerivativesPhase2(double[], double[], Array2DRowRealMatrix)</code></a></dd></dl> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <a name="updateHighOrderDerivativesPhase2(double[], double[], org.apache.commons.math3.linear.Array2DRowRealMatrix)"> |
| <!-- --> |
| </a> |
| <ul class="blockListLast"> |
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| <h4>updateHighOrderDerivativesPhase2</h4> |
| <pre>public void updateHighOrderDerivativesPhase2(double[] start, |
| double[] end, |
| <a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/linear/Array2DRowRealMatrix.html" title="class in org.apache.commons.math3.linear">Array2DRowRealMatrix</a> highOrder)</pre> |
| <div class="block">Update the high order scaled derivatives Adams integrators (phase 2). |
| <p>The complete update of high order derivatives has a form similar to: |
| <pre> |
| r<sub>n+1</sub> = (s<sub>1</sub>(n) - s<sub>1</sub>(n+1)) P<sup>-1</sup> u + P<sup>-1</sup> A P r<sub>n</sub> |
| </pre> |
| this method computes the (s<sub>1</sub>(n) - s<sub>1</sub>(n+1)) P<sup>-1</sup> u part.</p> |
| <p>Phase 1 of the update must already have been performed.</p></div> |
| <dl><dt><span class="strong">Parameters:</span></dt><dd><code>start</code> - first order scaled derivatives at step start</dd><dd><code>end</code> - first order scaled derivatives at step end</dd><dd><code>highOrder</code> - high order scaled derivatives, will be modified |
| (h<sup>2</sup>/2 y'', ... h<sup>k</sup>/k! y(k))</dd><dt><span class="strong">See Also:</span></dt><dd><a href="../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/ode/nonstiff/AdamsNordsieckTransformer.html#updateHighOrderDerivativesPhase1(org.apache.commons.math3.linear.Array2DRowRealMatrix)"><code>updateHighOrderDerivativesPhase1(Array2DRowRealMatrix)</code></a></dd></dl> |
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